Rangkuman Kedelapan KM Tools Culture-Kimiz Dalkir

Chapter VIII

Knowledge Management Tools

Bab ini memberikan ikhtisar tentang alat KM, yang terlalu sering diperlakukan sebagai kotak hitam (yaitu, data masuk dan pengetahuan ajaib keluar ujung yang lain). Implementasi manajemen Pengetahuan memerlukan berbagai alat yang cukup beragam yang ikut berperan sepanjang siklus KM. Teknologi digunakan untuk memfasilitasi terutama komunikasi, kolaborasi, dan manajemen konten untuk menangkap pengetahuan yang lebih baik, berbagi, diseminasi, dan aplikasi. Kategori utama dari alat KM disajikan, sebagai yang alat baru sedang dikembangkan dengan pesat.

KNOWLEDGE CAPTURE AND CREATION TOOLS

Content Creation Tools

Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery

Typical applications of data mining and knowledge discovery systems include market segmentation, customer profiling, fraud detection, evaluation of retail promotions, credit risk analysis, and market basket analysis (as described in the following vignette).

Using a combination of machine learning, statistical analysis, modeling techniques, and database technology, data mining detects hidden patterns and subtle relationships in data and infers rules that allow the prediction of future results.

 

Blogs

A blog is a slang term for a web log. For the uninitiated, a web log is a popular and fairly personal content form on the Internet. A person’s web log is much like an open diary. It chronicles what a person wants to share with the world on an almost daily basis (Blood, 2002; see also http://www. rebeccablood.net/).

Content Management Tools

Content management refers to the management of valuable content throughout the useful lifespan of the content. Content lifespan will typically begin with content creation, handle multiple changes and updates, merging, summarization, and other repackaging, and will typically end with archiving. Metadata (information about the content) is used to better manage content throughout its useful lifespan.

KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND DISSEMINATION TOOLS

Groupware and Collaboration Tools

Coleman (1997) developed a taxonomy of groupware that lists 12 different categories:

1. Electronic mail and messaging

2. Group calendaring and scheduling

3. Electronic meeting systems

4. Desktop video, real-time synchronous conferencing

5. Non-real-time asynchronous conferencing

6. Group document handling

7. Workflow

8. Workgroup utilities and development tools

9. Groupware services

10. Groupware and KM frameworks

11. Groupware applications

12. Collaborative Internet-based applications and products

Wikis

Wikis are web-based software that supports concepts such as open editing, which allows multiple users to create and edit content on a website (for more information, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki). A wiki site grows and changes at the will of the participants. People can add and edit pages at will, using a Word-like screen, without knowing any programming or HTML commands. More specifically, a wiki is composed of web pages where people input information and then create hyperlinks to another page or new pages for more details about a particular topic. Anyone can edit any page and add, delete, or

correct information.

Networking Technologies

Networking technologies consist of intranets (intraorganizational network), extranets (interorganizational network), knowledge repositories, knowledge portals, and web-based shared workspaces. Liebowitz and Beckman (1998) define knowledge repositories as an online computer-based storehouse of expertise, knowledge, experiences, and documentation about a particular domain of expertise. In creating a knowledge repository, knowledge is collected, summarized, and integrated across sources.

Davenport and Prusak (1998) describe three types of knowledge repositories:

1. External knowledge repositories (such as competitive intelligence).
2. Structured internal knowledge repositories (such as research reports and product-oriented market material).
3. Informal internal knowledge repositories (such as “lessons learned”).

A knowledge repository differs from a data warehouse and an information repository primarily in the nature of the content that is stored. Knowledge content will typically consist of contextual, subjective, and fairly pragmatic content.

KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION AND APPLICATION TOOLS

A number of technologies play an important role in how successful knowledge workers are in acquiring (i.e., understanding) and applying (i.e., making use of) knowledge content that is made available to them by the organization. E-learning systems provide support for learning, comprehension, and better understanding of the new knowledge to be acquired.

Intelligent Filtering Tools

Intelligent Agents can generally be defined as software programs that assist their user and act on his or her behalf: a computer program that helps you in newsgathering, acts autonomously and on its own initiative, has intelligence and can learn, improving its performance in executing its tasks (Woolridge and Jennings, 1995).

1.      Watcher Agents: look for specific information.

2.      Learning Agents: tailor to an individual’s preferences by learning from the user’s past behavior.

3.      Shopping Agents: compare “the best price for an item.”

4.      Information Retrieval Agents: help the user to “search for information in an intelligent fashion.”

5.      Helper Agents: perform tasks autonomously without human interaction.

Adaptive Technologies

Adaptive technologies are used to better target content to a specific knowledge worker or to a specific group of knowledge workers who share common work needs.

STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS OF KM TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

A number of the techniques presented here address the phenomenon of

emergence that can help discover existing valuable knowledge, experts, communities

of practice, and other valuable intellectual assets that exist within an

organization. Once this is done, the intellectual assets can be better accessed,

leveraged, and employed. The KM tools and techniques have an important

enabling role in ensuring the success of KM applications.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF KM TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

Number of techniques and tools, though never having been specifically developed for or targeted to KM applications, have proven to be quite useful.